Menya byinshi ku ntambara yitwa BADR

INTAMBARA YA  BADR

Intambara ya Badr niyo intambara yambere abasilamu  barwanye ikaba yari iyobowe n’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww).Intambara ya Badr yari ihuje Abasilamu n’Ababangikanyamana b’aba Qurayish b’i Makka.

Intamabara ya Badr yabaye mu gitondo cy’umunsi w’ijuma(cyangwa se ku cyumweru) ku italiki ya 17/Ramadhan(cyangwa se 19/ramadhan) mu mwaka wa 2 Hijiriya ibera mu gace kitwa Badr,ikaba yaramaze igihe gito kuko yamaze igice cy’umunsi gusa[1].

Amateka avuga ko Badr iri nko muri 150km uvuye i Madina,hakaba  hari ahantu habaga hatoshye kandi habonekaga amazi meza muri icyo gihe.Badr kari agace kahuzaga inzira ziva i Madina n’i Makka kakazihuza n’inzira iva i Sham(Syria).Bitewe no kuba mu gace ka Badr harabonekaga amazi menshi,hari harabaye ahantu abacuruzi bavaga nabajyaga i Madina,i Makka no muri Shamu, baruhukiraga hakaba hari n’igihe haremeraga isoko rimwe na rimwe[2].

IMPAMVU YATUMYE INTAMBARA YA BADR IBA

Abasilamu ubwo babaga i Makka,bari babayeho ubuzima bubi cyane aho bakorerwa iyicarubozo,kubanena,kubaha akato n’ibindi.Ibintu byaje kuba bibi kurushaho maze  intumwa n’abasilamu biba ngombwa ko bimuka bakava i Makka bakimukira i Madina.Ubwo abasilamu bajyaga kwimukira i Madina, ababangikanyamana b’aba Qurayish baje kumenya imigambi y’abasilamu maze biyemeza kubatangira ngo babice (cyane cyane bahigaga intumwa y’Imana Muhammad saww) maze banafatire imitungo yabo[3].Kubera ko ubuzima bw’abasilamu bwari buri mu kaga,byatumye bahunga huti huti bagenda nta kintu batwaye mu mitungo yabo maze imitungo yabo yose ifatwa n’aba Qurayishi[4].

Ubwo abasilamu bari bamaze imyaka ibiri(2) bavuye i Makka,intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww) yaje kumenya amakuru ko hari itsinda ry’abantu b’abacuruzi b’ababangikanyamana(mushrikiin) n’ibicuruzwa byabo riza kunyura hafi ya Madina rivuye i Shamu rigiye i Makka,ibyo bicuruzwa bikaba byari iby’Abusufian wari umukuru wabo babangikanyamana b’aba Qurayishi ndetse n’abandi bari bafitemo imigabane.

Intumwa y’Imana imaze kumenya neza ko ibyo bicuruzwa biza kuhaca yafashe umwanzuro wo kujya gutangira rya tsinda rifite ibyo bicuruzwa kugirango ibifate ibijyane kuko nabo hari imitungo y’abasilamu bafatiriye i Makka.Ku rundi ruhande, amakuru y’uko abasilamu bashaka gutega itsinda ry’abacuruzi bari bayobowe na Abusufian yageze kuri Abusufian maze afata umugambi wo gushaka ingabo bakajya kurwanya abasilamu bashakaga gutwara ibicuruzwa byabo.Amakuru ageze ku ba Qurayishi b’i Makka bitewe n’uko abenshi muri bo bari bafite imigabane muri ibyo bicuruzwa no kuba barangaga abasilamu,bumvise vuba umuhamagaro wa Abusufian maze bishakamo indwanyi nyinshi bambarira urugamba baragenda.

UKO INTAMBARA YAGENZE

Abasilamu bakiba i Makka ntago bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kuba bakora intambara n’abandi bantu,ariko bamaze kugera i Madina bitewe no kuba intumwa yari imaze gushinga ubuyobozi bwa kislamu no kuba Imana yari imaze kubona ko byashoboka ko barwanya umwanzi wabo igihe yabateye mu buyobozi bwabo,yabahaye uruhushya rwo kuba barwanya uwariwe wewe wabatera cyangwa se waba afite umugambi wo kubagirira nabi.

Ubwo aba Qurayish barimo bava i Sham,malaika Jibril yabonekeye intumwa iyibwira ko ababangikanyamana(Quraishi)barimo kuza maze ibwira intumwa ko yo n’ingabo zayo basohoka i Madina bakerekeza hanze yayo bakajya kurwana n’ababangikanyamana kandi bakabatsinda.Intumwa yahise itegura ingabo zayo zigizwe n’abantu 313.Ku rundi ruhande Abusufian nawe yashatse ingabo zo kujya kurwanirira ababangikanyamana maze abasha kubona ingabo 950 zari ziturutse mu miryango yose y’aba Quraishi ukuyemo umuryango wa Bani A’di bni Ka’b ndetse na Abu Lahab utaragiyeyo akoherezayo umuhagarariye witwaga A’as bni Hisham. Ingabo z’aba Quraishi zari ziyobowe na Abu Jahl(Amar bni Hisham).

Gupanga ingabo z’abasilamu no kujya ku birindiro byazo:

Ku taliki ya 15/ ramadhan ubwo  Intumwa n’ingabo bari bagiye kugera mu gace ka Badr bageze ahitwa Raw’ha,intumwa n’abasangirangendo bayo bakoze isengesho maze muri ako kanya malaika Jibril amenyesheje intumwa ko ababangikanyamana bagiye kugera i Badr.Nuko intumwa iteranya abasangirangendo bayo maze bakora inama bungurama ibitekerezo ku kijya nuko intambara iri bugende.Bamwe mu baswahaba bagaragazaga ubwoba bw’iyo ntambara,ariko abandi barerekana ko nta bwoba batewe n’iyo ntamabara.Umuswahaba witwa Miqdad yabwiye intumwa ati: Yewe ntumwa y’Imana! Ibyo Imana yagutegetse(byo kurwanya ababangikanyamana)turabishyigikiye none bikore kandi natwe turi kumwe nawe. Twe ntago tumeze nk’Abayahudi babwiye intumwa Mussa(as) bati: Wowe genda urwane n’Imana yawe,uraza udusange twicaye(turaba twicaye) aha.”Mu by’ukuri twe turarwana dufatanyije nawe.”

Saad Bin Ma’adh wari ukuriye ubwoko bwa U’us akaba yari ahagarariye abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Ansar nawe yemeje ko we nabo ahagarariye bazafasha intumwa bakayirwanirira.Intumwa icyumva ibyo Miqdad na Saad bavuze yarishimye cyane maze iravuga iti: “Imana yampaye isezerano ry’uko nza gutsinda amatsinda abiri(Abacuruzi n’ingabo z’ababangikanyamana)”.Abaswahaba bacyumva amagambo y’intumwa barishima cyane maze bafata amabendera yabo bakomeza urugendo.Intumwa n’ingabo zayo bageze i Badr mu ijoro ryo kuwa 17/ramadhan maze ku bw’igitekerezo cya Jubab bni Munzir,ingabo z’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww)zishyira ibirindiro hafi y’ahantu hari icyobo cy’amazi. Ingabo z’abasilamu muri iyo ntambara zari 313 zigizwe n’ingabo 82 zaturutse mu bantu ba Muhajirin naho abasigaye bandi 231 baturutse muri Ansar.Ingabo z’abasilamu zari zifite Ingamiya 70,inkota 7,imyenda ikoze mu byuma 6 n’amafarasi 2. Ingabo z’Abasilamu zari zihagaze ziteye umugongo izuba.

Gupanga ingabo z’ababangikanyamana no kujya ku birindiro byazo:

Ubwo Abusufian yari amaze kumenya ko ingabo z’abasilamu zageze i Badr  yahise ahindura inzira y’ibicuruzwa bye maze areka kubinyuza mu nzira ica i Badr ahubwo abicisha mu nzira inyura ku nkombe z’inyanja y’Umutuku.Ubwo Abusufiyan yari amaze kubona ko ibicuruzwa bye yabihungishije,yahise ahamagara ingabo zari zimaze kugera mu gace kitwa Juhufa azihamagarira kugaruka zikareka kujya kurwana n’ingabo z’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww).Ubwo ayo makuru yo kugaruka yaheraga ku ngabo z’ababangikanyamana,ingabo zimwe nkeya zahise zigaruka i Makka ariko izindi zanze gusubirayo bitewe n’umukuru wazo Abu Jahl wanze kumvira Abusufiyan maze akiyemeza gukomeza urugamba ashaka kurimbura islamu,intumwa n’abaslamu[5].Abu Jahl n’ingabo ze 950 zakomeje urugendo zigera i Badr zihasanga ingabo z’Abasilamu.Ingabo z’ababangikanyamana zari zifite Ingamiya 700,Amafarasi abarirwa hagati ya 200-400,ingabo zose zari zambaye imyenda y’ibyuma kandi zifite intwaro(inkota,amacumu…). Ingabo z’Ababangikanyamana zari zihagaze zireba mu zuba.

Intumwa imaze gutegura ingabo zayo ntiyazitereranye ahubwo yubakiwe ikintu kimeze nk’igisharagati kugira ngo kiyirinde izuba no kugira ngo iyobore urugamba ifite aho iri.Imamu Allay(as) na Sa’ad bni Ma’adh bafatanyije n’abandi bantu bake bo mu bwoko bw’Ansar bagumye iruhande rw’intumwa mu rwego rwo kuyirinda[6].

UKO INTAMBARA YAGENZE.

1. Guhura umwe kuri umwe.

Ku ruhande rw’Abaqurayishi,Abu Jahl wari uyoboye ingabo z’Ababangikanyamana(Abaqurayishi) yategetse Atibat n’umuhungu we Walid ndetse n’umuvandimwe we Shaibat kubanza mu kibuga bakarwana.Ku ruhande rw’intumwa habanje kujyayo abasore batatu bo mu bwoko bwa Ansar,ariko Atibat wari waturutse ku ruhande rw’Abaquraishi abaza abo basore bo mu bwoko bwa Ansar ati: Ese mwe muri bantu ki!?Ba basore barivuga banavuga ko baturuka muri Ansar.”Atibat aravuga ati ntago twaje hano tuje kurwana namwe,kuko twaje tuje kurwana n’umuhungu ukomoka kuri ba data bacu(ariwe Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad saww).Intumwa imaze kumva amagambo ya Atibat abwira baba basore batatu bo muri Ansar iti:Ni mugaruke nohereze abo bashaka”.Nuko intumwa ihita yohereza Imamu Allay(as),Hamza na Ubaidatu bnu Harith.Imamu Ally(as) yahuye na Walid,Hamza ahura na Atibat naho Ubaidat ahura na Shaibat.Imamu Ally(as) yishe Walid maze ajya gufasha Hamza bica Atibat nuko bahita bajya gufasha Ubaidat bica Shaibat[7].

2. Guhura ari benshi mu kivunge.

Ubwo Abaquraishi(Ababangikanyamana) bari bamaze kubona intabo zabo eshatu(Atibat,Walid na Shaibat) zimaze kwicwa,bararakaye cyane maze bahita batera abasilamu ari ikivunge cy’abantu. Muri uko kurwana ari ikivunge cy’ingabo nyinshi ni bwo Abu Jahl yicwaga maze bica intege ababangikanyamana.Ababangikanyamana bakomeje kurwana cyane doreko bari na benshi kandi bafite uburakari ,ariko kubera ubushake bw’Imana ndetse n’isezerano ryayo,abasilamu batsinda urugamba maze Abaquraishi(ababangikanyamana) bata ibyo bari bafite byose bakwira imishwaro barahunga.

ABAGUYE KU RUGAMBA RWA BADR

1. Ku ruhande rw’Abasilamu.

Ku ruhande rw’Abasilamu haguye abantu(Abashahidu) 14.Aho ba 6 muri bo bari abo mu bwoko bwa Muhajirin(abimukanye n’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad baturukanye i Makka) naho abandi 8 bari abo mu bwoko bwa Ansar(Abasanzwe i Madina bakakira intumwa ubwo yahungaga ivuye i Makka)

2. Ku ruhande rw’Abaqurayishi(Ababangikanyamana)

Ku ruhande rw’Abaqurayishi hapfuye abantu 70 aho bivugwa ko 21 muri bo bishwe na Imamu Ally(as) naho abantu 70 bandi bafatwaho iminyago.Nyuma y’intambara intumwa yamaze iminsi itatu i Badr nuko ibona gusubira i Madina.

IMPAMVU ZATUMYE ABASILAMU BATSINDA URUGAMBA

Bimwe mu bintu byatumye Abasilamu batsinda urugamba rwa Badr ni izi zikurikira:

1. Isezerano ry’Imana ryo kuba yari yasezeranyije intumwa yayo Muhammad(saww) ko baza gutsinda urugamba.Iryo sezerano ryahaye abasilamu ikizere n’umuhate wo kurwana batajenjetse.
2. Ibitangaza by’Imana.Aho bivugwa ko bitewe n’ubuke bw’ingabo z’abasilamu no kuba nta bikoresho bihagije bari bafite,ingabo z’abasilamu zibonaga ko arinke ariko ku ruhande rw’Abaqurayishi iyo barebaga ingabo z’abasilamu bo bazibonagamo ingabo nyinshi cyane zibaruta maze bituma Abaquraishi batinya.
3. Ubutwari bwa Imamu Ally(as).
4. Kuba intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww) yari izi gupanga urugamba neza.
5. Kuba Ingabo z’Abasilamu zari zifite ukwizera ko nizipfa zijya mu ijuru, ibyo bigatuma badatinya urupfu.Naho Abaquraishi bakaba baratinyaga gupfa.
6. Urukundo abasilamu bakundaga intumwa no kuba bari bafite icyo barwanira kandi bakunze aricyo Islamu.

ESE KUKI INTUMWA YASHAKAGA GUTWARA IBICURUZWA BYABANDI?

Hari abantu benshi bibaza bati: Ko tuzi ko intumwa ari inyangeso nziza kandi ikaba ikora ibintu byiza twakagombye gufataho urugero,ese kuki yagiye gutangira ibicuruzwa bya bandi ishaka kubishimuta no kubitwara ku ngufu? Ese ibyo biremewe ko  umuntu nk’intumwa yashimuta iby’abandi?Ese amategeko yemera ibintu nk’ibyo?.

Mu gusubiza iki kibazo abamenyi mu by’amategeko y’idini ndetse  n’abamenyi b’amateka bavuga ko muri isilamu mu gice cya Fiqihi tugira Qaidah(Uburyo,method,theory) yitwa TAQASWU.Aho iyi qaidah ivuga ko igihe cyose umuntu atwaye imitungo y’undi ku gahato(akoresheje imbara,ububasha,…),kwambura umuntu ibye,gusahura ibyundi,gushimuta umutungo w’umuntu,…Uwo muntu watwariwe umutungo afite uburenganzira bwo kuba nawe yatwara cyangwa se yafata mu mutungo wa wa muntu wamutwariye umutungo akiyishyura ibye byatwawe,ariko uwo muntu  akabikora ahawe uburenganzira n’Intumwa(saww),Imamu muziranenge(as) cyangwa se umwe mu ba nyamategeko babifitiye ububasha(Marjiu Taqlid).Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww) rero kuba yari igiye gufata imitungo y’Ababangikanyamana  yari ibifitiye uburenganzira kuko yari igiye kwiyishyura ibyo yo n’abasilamu bari barasize i Makka bikaba byari byarafatiriwe n’ababangikanyamana.Intumwa rero ikaba yarigiye gukoresha ya Qaidah twabonye ya Taqaswu mu rwego rwo kwiyishyura ibyo bari barasize i Makka byari byarafashwe n’aba Quraishi.Ibi bikaba byerekana ko intumwa itari igamije gukora ikibi ahubwo yakoze ibyo Imana yemera.

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[1] Al-Twabaqatul-Kubra: Umuz.2 urup.14-15

[2] Athar Islami Makka wa Madinah:Urup.393

[3] Al-Twabaqatul-Kubra: Umuz.2 urup.19-20

[4] Siratul-Nabawiyat(Ibni Hisham): Umuz.2 urup.363-364

[5] Al-Maghazi: Umuz.2 urup.61

[6] Musinad Ibni Hambal:Umuz.1urup.126

[7] Rawdwal-Janan( Abul-Futuh-Raziy):Umuz.5 urup.48