Isomo: Amateka
Ingingo: Amateka y’abagore bafashije ubuislamu ku gihe cy’intumwa n’amasomo twabigiraho
Amateka ni iki?
Ni ubumenyi bwiga ku byabayeho mu gihe cyahise.
Kuki tugomba kwiga amateka?
- Tumenya kandi tugasobanukirwa ibyabayeho mbere yacu
- Bikaduha amasomo n’urugero dukurikiza(kugendera ku byiza no kwirinda ibibi)
- Mu gitabo nah’jul balaaghat, ibaruwa ya 31, Imam Ali a.s avuga ku mateka yaravuze ati nize amateka y’abatubanjirije ku buryo watekereza ko nabanye nabo kuva ku ntangiriro kugeza ku mpera y’ubuzima bwabo.
Nyuma y’uko intumwa y’Imana Muhamad(sallallahu alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) ahawe ubutumwa bw’ubuhanuzi, umugore (igitsina gore muri rusange) yigobotoye ingoyi y’ihohoterwa rikomeye yakorerwaga n’ababangikanyamana batamuhaga agaciro, bityo bigatuma atabasha kugaragaza ububasha n’ubushobozi bwe muri sosiyete ngo nawe ayibyarire umusaruro irusheho gutera imbere, ariko hamwe no kumurikirwa n’itabza ry’ubutumwa butagatifu n’inzira y’idini ya islamu, umugore yatanze umusanzu we mu kubaka sosiye yimakaje ubutabera n’amahoro. Muri uyu mwanya turarebera hamwe abagore babayeho ku gihe cy’intumwa y’Imana Muhamad saws ndetse bakanafasha ubuislamu mu ngorane bwagiye bunyuramo zitandukanye. Muri bo abagore bahaye bay’at intumwa y’Imana (gutanga bay’at= Guhana ikiganza n’intumwa nk’ikimenyetso cyo kwemera intumwa y’Imana bakaniyemeza kugenda mu nzira ibategeka ndetse bakanayitera inkunga mu guteza imbere ubuislamu), harimo abagore babaye abaislamu mu mizo ya mbere ndetse bagashishikariza abo mu miryango yabo kwemera ubuislamu, harimo abagore bagiye batotezwa kubera ko bemeye kuba abaislamu, abagore bapfushije abana babo mu nzira y’ubuislamu, abagore bavuraga inkomere mu ntambara zitandukanye, abagore b’abasizi ndetse n’abandi… Turaza kureba kandi icyo twabigiraho nka kimwe mu byiza byo kwiga amateka!
- Abagore batanze bay’at ku ntumwa y’Imana
Qur’an, muri suratul mum’tahanat ayat ya cumi n’ebyiri Imana iravuga iti:
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
Yewe Muhanuzi! Abemerakazi nibakugana bagukorera Ba’iah, ko nta kintu bazabangikanya ALLAH cyangwa ko bataziba, cyangwa ko batazasambana, cyangwa ko batazica abana babo, cyangwa ko batazakora ibinyoma bahimbye hagati y’amaboko yabo n’amaguru yabo, kandi ko batazakwigomekaho mu byiza; ujye ubakirira Ba’iah unabasabire kwa ALLAH uguhanagurwaho ibyaha. Mu by’ukuri ALLAH ni Uhebuje mu guhanagura ibyaha, Nyirimbabazi.
Ubwo intumwa y’Imana yari imaze kwigarurira umujyi wa Makkah iwukuye mu maboko y’abahakanyi n’ababangikanyamana, abagabo b’iMakkah bahaye bahaye intumwa y’Imana bay’at maze igihe abagore bagiye gutanga bay’at, iyi ayat ni bwo yamanutse.
Uretse aya masezerano dusanga muri iyi ayat kandi, hari n’andi masezerano yiswe amasezerano y’abagore cyangwa se “bay’atu nisaa” aya nayo akaba ari amasezerano yabayeho mu ntangiriro z’ubuislamu, yabereye ahitwa uq’bat muri Yathrib(Madinay’ubu).
Uburyo bwo gutanga bay’at ku bagore, intumwa y’Imana yashyiraga ikiganza cyayo mu mazi maze igasoma amasezerano igiye kugirana n’abo bagore maze nabo bakaza bagashyira ibiganza byayo muri ya mazi bityo bakaba batanze bay’at ku ntumwa y’Imana.
Mu bagore bahaye intumwa y’Imana bay’at harimo: -Umaymah uyu, Khadijat (umugore w’intumwa) yari amubereye nyina wabo nyina yitwaga Duqayqat bint Khuwaylid naho se akitwa Yakhaadh.
-Ummu Kulthum bint Uqbat bn Abi Mu’itw watanze bay’at mu ntangiriro zo guhabwa ubumwa kw’intumwa y’Imana saws.
– Haminat akaba yari umukobwa wa nyirasenge w’intumwa y’Imana saws; n’abandi….
ISOMO: Gushyigikira ukuri, ubutabera kabone n’ubwo abandi baba batari muri urwo ruhande. Ese wowe andi masomo ukura muri iki kiciro ni ayahe?
- Abagore batumye abo mu miryango yabo baba abaislamu
-Fatwimah, umugore wa Said bn Zeyd akaba na mushiki wa Umar bn Alkatab ari mubagore ba mbere bemeye kuba abaislamu mu ntangiriro zabwo kandi we n’umugabo we bari bafite ukwemera guhamye.
-Sahlat bint Mulhaan bitaga Ummu Saliim, mu gihe cy’ubujiji cyangwa se mbere y’ubuislamu yari yarashakanye n’uwitwaga Maalik bafitanye n’umuhungu witwaga Anasi; nyuma y’uko intumway’Imana ihawe ubutumwa uyu mugore yemeye kuba umuislamukazi ndetse abishishikariza umugabo we na we arabyemera aba umuislamu. Sebukwe yaramurwanyije cyane avuga ko amuyobereza umuhungu ariko ntiyashoboye kubuza umuhungu we kuba umuislamu gusa uyu Malik yaje kwicwa n’abanzi b’ubuislamu. Sahlat yararahiye avuga ko atazigera ashaka undi mugabo igihe cyose umwana wabo atarageza igihe cy’ubukure, abazaga kumurambagiza bose yarabahakaniraga.
Nyuma y’uko umwana amaze kugeza ku imyaka y’ubukure, umugabo wari utaremera kuba umuislamu witwaga Abuu Talhat yaje kumurambagiza maze Sahlat aramubwira ati”wowe usenga ibibumbano bidafite icyo bikumariye cyangwa byagutwara, wubamira ibiti byabajwe n’umubaji ese ibikorwa nk’ibi ubyungukiramo iki?”
Sahlat yabwiye Abuu Talha ko inkwano amuciye ari uko yaba umuislamu maze na we arabyemera aba umuislamu. Byashimishije intumwa y’Imana maze ikajya ibasura cyane. Uyu muryango waje kunguka umwana w’umuhungu yitwa Abdullah ariko aza kwitaba Imana se adahari. Aho se agarukiye, Sahlat aramubaza ati “ese umuturanyi aramutse aduhaye indagizo bwacya akayisubiza, ibyo byakuriza cyane bikakubabaza?” undi ati “oya!” Umugore aramubwira ati rero Imana yaduhaye indagizo y’umwana none yayisubije. Abuu Talhat ajya kubwira intumwa y’Imana uko byagenze maze Intumwa ibasomera iduwa, Sahlat yongera gutwara inda y’umuhungu, avutse intumwa y’Imana imwita Abdullah, uyu mwana yaje gukomkwaho n’abahungu ndwi bose babaye abasomyi ba qur’an bakomeye.
Sahlat, mu ntambara ya Hunayn yari atwite ariko ntibyamubujije gufasha intumwa y’Imana mu kugeza amazi ku ngabo z’abaislamu ndetse no komora (kuvura ibikomere) ababaga bakomeretse.
ISOMO: –Ibyiza tumenye tubishishikarize abandi, duhereye ku bo hafi yacu.
-Kudacibwa intege n’uko hari abatadushyigikiye mu byiza dukora.
-Gutera inkunga no gufasha ibikorwa biteza imbere idini yacu, yaba mu bifatika n’ibidafatika,…
Ese wowe nta rindi somo wakuye muri iki kiciro cy’abagore bafashije ubuislamu bahamagarira abo mu miryango yabo kuba abaislamu?
- Abagore batotejwe cyane mu nzira y’idini ya islamu
Sumayah bint Khayaab/Khayaat ni nyina w’umusahaba w’intumwa witwa Amaar bn Yaasir, ni we mugore wa mbere ugaragazwa n’inyandiko z’amateka y’ubuislamu nk’umugore wahowe Imana. Ku nama bagiriwe n’umuhungu wabo Amaar, Sumayat na Yaasir bemeye kuba abaislamu ariko aba uko ari babiri ntiborohewe n’abahakanyi nka Abu Jahl, babakoreye iyicarubozo kugeza bapfiriye ku zuba ry’igikatu mu butayu butagira amazi n’igicucu, ni nyuma y’uko bari banze gutuka intumwa y’Imana no kugarukira ibigirwamana Laat n Uzza nk’uko babisabwaga ngo barokore ubuzima bwabo, ariko bakanangira bakanga gutuka no kwihakana intumwa y’Imana Muhamad saws, ahubwo amagambo yabo akaba Allahu akbar, Laa ilaaha illallah ndetse no kuvuga nabi ibyo bigirwamana.
Uko bamugerekagaho amabuye amanini ndetse bamukubita ibyuma, banamubwira bati vuga ko Laat, Manaat na Uzza ari Imana zawe, Sumayat ntiyigeze abyemera kugeza apfuye.
Zaynab, umukobwa w’intumwa y’Imana(uretse Fatwimatu Zahra, Khadija n’intumwa y’Imana bari bafite abandi bakobwa batatu: Ruqaya;Zaynab na Ummu Kulthum). Mbere y’ubuislamu Ummu Kulthum na Ruqayat bari barashakanye n’abahungu ba Abuu Lahab uyu akaba se wabo w’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad saws naho Zaynab yari yarashakanye n’uwitwaga Abul Aaswi. Aho intumwa izaniye ubuislamu rero abahakanyi n’ababangikanyamana bakoresheje amayeri menshi ngo Muhammad saws atezuke kuri uwo ugambi we mutagatifu ariko aranga arabananira, aba bahungu ba Abu Lahab bahisemo kwirukana abakobwa b’Intumwa bibwira ko wenda ibyo bizananiza intumwa kubwo kugira inshingano zo kwita ku muryango munini noneho bigatuma itezuka ku mugambi wo kwigisha ubuislamu, ariko intumwa ntibyayiciye intege. Abul Asw umugabo wa Zaynab na we bamugiriye inama y’uko yakwirukana Zaynab ariko ntiyayemera, mu myaka yakurikiyeho uyu Abul Asw yaje gufatwa bunyago mu ntambara n’abaislamu maze umugore we Zaynab aramubohoza, nyuma yo gutanga ikiguzi cy’urunigi yari yarahawe na nyina. Nyuma y’uko uyu mugabo arekuwe, intumwa y’Imana yamusabye ko yakohereza Zaynab akagaruka iwabo kuko yari yaramaze kwemera kuba umuislamu, umugabo arabyemera maze amuha mwene nyina Kanaanat amujyana kwa se (amuvana Makkah amujyana i Madina kwa rasulu).
Ubwo bari bageze ahitwa Dhii Twuwaa(muri Makkah), bahuye n’agatsiko k’abahakanyi maze uwitwa Habaar bn Aswad arasa umwambi ufata Zaynab bimuviramo kuvanamo inda yari atwite, bategeka Kanaanat kugarura uwo mugore i Makkah arabyemera ariko nyuma y’Iminsi mike bamwemereye kumujyana, nyuma Abul Asw yongeye gufatwa n’abaislamu bituma yemera kuba umuislamu maze ajya gutura i Madina, intumwa y’Imana imushyingira Zaynab bundi bushya.
Abandi bagore twavuga nka: Ummu Shariik bint Jaabir bn Hakiim, uyu yari yarabaye umuislamu we n’umugabo we maze umugabo ajya gutura i Madina, ariko uyu mugore arasigara maze akajya ashishikariza abagore b’I Makkah kwakira ubuislamu rwihishwa, bene wabo b’umugabo we baje kumenya ko na we ari umuislamu maze bamujyana mu butayu bakajya bamwicisha inyota mu gihe cy’iminsi itatu ariko ntibamwishe.
ISOMO: – Kudatezuka ku mugambi wo kutabangikanya Imana kabone n’iyo byaba mu bihe bikomeye
Ese wowe nta yandi masomo wakura muri iki kiciro cy’abagore?
- Abagore baburiye abana n’abagabo babo mu nzira y’ubuislamu
Mu ntangiriro z’ubuislamu abagore benshi bagiye baba abapfakazi abandi bagapfusha abana babo b’ababsore baguye mu ntambara zahuzaga abaislamu n’abahakanyi, abo bagore bakomeye ku myemerere yabo, ntibacika intege.
Muribo twavuga nka Khan’saa wapfushije abana bane icyarimwe maze ubwo bamubwiraga inkuru y’itabaruka ry’abahungu be aravuga ati ishimwe n’ikuzo ni iby’Imana isumba byose yo yemeye ko bagenda, nizeye ko ibahuriza hafi yayo mu ijuru.
Hari kandi Haminah yari umugore wa Mus’ab bn Umair, uyu mugore yaritanze cyane mu rugamba rw’iteranbere ry’ubuislamu ndetse yaritanze no mu ntambara ya Uhud aho yakoraga nk’ushinzwe kuvura abakomerekeye ku rugamba no kubagezaho amazi yo kunywa. Intumwa y’Imana yamugejejeho urupfu rwa musaza we witwaga Abdullah, Haminat amusubizanya imvugo irimo kwihangana maze anasabira nyakwigendera ku Mana, nyuma intumwa y’Imana yongera kumubwira iti “nyokorome Hamza na we yaguye mu ntambara” amusubiza nka mbere, intumwa iti “n’umufasha wawe Mus’ab yitabye Imana” maze Haminat aramusubiza ati “mbega intambara yari ikomeye” intumwa iramubaza iti “ese ko ku ba mbere utavuze utyo” aravuga ati “ntekereje ku mfubyi ansigiye”. Uyu mugore yakomeje kwitangira ubuislamu mu ntambara nyinshizirimo n’iya Khaybar.
ISOMO: – Kwitangira idini mu buryo butandukanye, haba gufasha mu bikorwa biteza imbere idini ndetse no gufasha abaislamu ku giti cyabo.
- Abagore bitanze mu kuvura ingabo z’abaislamu
Mu ntambara abaislamu banyuragamo, si abagabo gusa bitangaga gusa ahubwo n’abagore barafashaga cyane cyane nko mu kugeza amazi ku bafite inyota ndetse no kuvura no gupfuka ababaga bakomeretse kandi bakanakora imiti yabaga ikenewe.
Muri abo bagore twavuga nka; Ummu Sanaan Aslami, Fatwimat Zahra, Ka’batu bint Said Aslami, n’abandi…
- Abagore bari abasizi ku gihe cy’intumwa y’Imana saws
Mu bagore bari abasizi cyane ku gihe cy’intumwa y’Imana Muhamad saws, harimo Khan’saa, Kubashat, Ummu Kulthum wari mushiki wa Amri bn Abduwad wishwe na Imam Ali a.s mu rugamba rwa Khandaq, amaze kumva urupfu yabajije uwamwishe, amaze kumenya ko ari Imam ALI, aravuga ati”iyo aba yishwe n’undi nari kujya mpora muririra ubuzima bwange bwose, ariko yishwe n’umugabo utagira inenge n’imwe akaba umuhungu w’umuyobozi w’uyu mugi. Ni umwuzukuru wa Hashimu kandi ubuhambare bwe bufite umwanya mu kirere, abantu batemera ubuhambare bwe bazicwe n’ishyari, umuryango wabo Imana yawuhaye ibyiza bya roho n’iby’umubiri”. Intumwa y’Imana ikimara kumva ubusizi bw’uyu mugore yumvishe ko ari umugore ujijutse kandi ukunze ubuislamu, maze intumwa y’Imana imuhamagarira kuba umuislamu na we arabyemera, aba umuislamu kugeza arangije ubuzima bwe ku isi.
Ntiwavuga abagore bitangiye ubuislamu, ngo dusige Khadijat bint Khuwaylid, akaba umugore wa mbere w’intumwa, wemeye intumwa y’Imana igihe nta n’umwe wayumvaga kandi agatanga imitungo ye mu nzira yo kubaka ubuislamu.
Aba bagore baritanze ku gihe cyabo ngo bateze imbere ubuislamu, kuba dufite idini twishimira kuri ubu ni ibitambo byabo batanze, ni inshingano zacu rero gukomeza kurinda iri dini no kwifatanya na buri wese ufite inyota n’umugambi wo kuriteza imbere.
