AMATEKA YA MASJID AL-AQSA
Masjid al-Aqsa ni umwe mu misigiti ibarizwa muri Bayt al-Muqadas muri Palestina y’ubu ikaba yarahoze ari Qibla y’abasilamu. Uyu musigiti wiswe iri zina bitewe n’uko uri kure ya Masjid al-Haram na Al-Kaaba [1]. Bamwe mu bamenyi bavuga ko Masjid al-Aqsa ari nayo Bayt al-Muqadas yose yubatswe n’intumwa y’Imana Sulaiman (as) n’intumwa y’Imana Dawud (as)[2].
Kuri ubu ahahoze urusengero rw’intumwa y’Imana Sulaiman(as) hubatse inyubako ebyiri zisakaye zubatswe ku gihe cya Khalifa Abdu al-Malik bni Marwan mu mwaka wa 66 hijiriya. Izo nzu ni iyamenyekanye nka “Masjid al-Aqsa isakaye” na Masjid al-Swahrah al-Muqadas [3].
IYUBAKWA RYA MASJID AL-AQSA
Amateka avuga ko umuntu wa mbere wubatse Masjid al-Aqsa ari intumwa y’Imana Dawud(as) aho yitabye Imana itayirangije maze yuzuzwa n’intumwa y’Imana Sulaiman(as). Muri icyo gihe yitwaga Urusengero rwa Sulaiman(as), Urusengero rwa Yerusalemu, Urusengero rwa Iliya. Mbere y’uko Abasilamu bigarurira Bayt al-Muqadas n’uru rusengero, rwitwaga Urusengero rwa Hazrat Maryam(as)( Urusengero rwa Bikira Mariya)[4]. Amateka avuga ko Urusengero rw’intumwa y’Imana Sulaiman(as) rwasenywe n’umutingito maze amazu yari arugize aragwa hasigara ibisigazwa n’amatongo. Mu mwaka wa 66 hijiriya mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Khalifa Abdu al-Malik bni Marwan, ategeka ko muri bya bisigazwa hubakwa umusigiti usakaye wiswe Masjid al-Aqsa isakaye ndetse anubakira urutare ruhari rwiswe Urutare rutagatifu, aho umusigiti warwubatsweho wiswe Masjid al-Swahrah al-Muqadas [5]. Abayahudi bemera ko munsi y’umusigiti wa Aqsa harimo itongo ry’Urusengero rwa Sulaiman(as) ari nayo mpamvu bakoresha uburyo bwose bwatuma bigarurira kariya gace kakaba akabo burundu maze bagasenya Masjid al-Aqsa bakahubaka Urusengero rwa Sulaiman(as) nk’uko rwahoze [6].
IMPAMVU ABDU AL-MALIK YUBATSE MASJID AL-AQSA
Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Marwan bni Hakam nibwo umuhungu we Abdul Malik bin Marwan mu mwaka wa 65 hijiriya yafashe ubutegetsi asimbuye se wari wasize amushyizeho ngo azamusimbure [7]. Mu mwaka wa 65 hijiriya, Abdallah bni Zubayr wayoboraga I Madina ndetse akaba yari yarashinzeyo ubutegetsi, amaze kumenyako Abdul Malik bin Marwan ariwe wabaye khalifa,ku munsi wa Arafah yakoranyije abantu baje gukora hijja baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye maze ababwira imbwirwaruhame irimo amagambo yerekana ko Abdul Malik adakwiye kuba khalifa kandi ko Hakam Ibin Abi al-‘As sekuru wa Abdul Malik yari umuntu wavumwe n’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww)bityo abamukomokaho badakwiye kuyobora abasilamu bemera Imana n’intumwa yayo[8].
Abdul Malik bni Marwan akijya ku butegetsi ndetse amaze kumenya uburyo hijja yifashishwa na Ibni Zubayr mu kwamamaza ubutegetsi bwe no gushaka abayoboke, yabujije abaturage ba Shamu gusubira muri Hija nuko abifashijwemo na Zuhri wari umumenyi mu by’amategeko muri icyo gihe, amutegeka gutanga Fatwa (itegeko) y’uko abaturage ba Shamu guhera icyo gihe mu mwanya wo kujya muri Hijja I Makka bazajya bajya gukora Hija kuri Masjid al-Aqsa muri Bayt al-Muqadas ( Inzu ntagatifu) iri I Yerusalemu muri Palesitina, mu gihe cya Twawaf bakajya bazenguruka Swahrah Muqadas [(Urutare cyangwa se Ibuye ritagatifu).
Masjid al-Swahrah al-Muqadas (Qubbatu al-Swahrah (izwi nka Dome of the Rock mu cyongereza
Iri buye cyangwa se urutare, ni ibuye amadini yose yemera Imana imwe ariyo Abasilamu, Abakristu n’Abayahudi ahamya ko ari ibuye ritagatifu. Abasilamu bahamya ari ibuye intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww) yari ikandagiyeho ubwo yari igiye kuzamurwa mu ijuru mu rugendo rwiswe Mi’raj [9]. Abayahudi bizerako ko Isi yagutse ihereye kuri iryo buye kuko ariryo ryabanje kuremwa hanyuma ubutaka bugenda bwaguka buhereye kuriryo . Bakanizerako iryo buye ariryo ryaremwemo intumwa y’Imana Adamu(as), bakanizera kandi ko kuri iryo buye ariho Imana yategetse intumwa yayo Ibrahamu(as) kujya gutambiraho umwana wayo hakaba ari naho abana ba Adamu(as) aribo Qabiil (Gahini) na Habiil(Abel)ariho batambiye ibitambo byabo[10].
Kuri iryo buye rinini niho hubatswe inzu irizengurutse yiswe Qubbatu al-Swahrah (izwi nka Dome of the Rock mu cyongereza). Iyi nzu yubatswe mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Abdul Malik bni Marwan mu mwaka wa 66 hijiriya,ubwo yategekaga abantu kureka kujya gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu (Hijja) kuri Kaaba bakajya kuwukorera kuri Swahrah al-Muqadas, irangira kubakwa mu mwaka wa 72 hijiriya [11]. Umutambagiro mutagatifu (Hijja) wakorwaga ku musigiti wa Al-Aqsa, ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa bikorerwa muri hijja nabyo bategekwa kujya babikorera aho [12].
Aho wabisanga:
[1] Hamidi: Tarikh Urushalim: urup. 183 / Allamah Tabatabai: Al-Mizan: umuzingo wa 12, urup. 7 / Tabarsi: Majma’u al-Bayan: umuzingo wa 6, urup. 612
[2] Tabarsi: Majma’u al-Bayan: umuzingo wa 6, urup. 612 /Allamah Tabatabai: Al-Mizan: umuzingo wa 13, urup. 6 / Tafsir Imamu Hassan Askari: urup. 661
[3] Musa Ghawushah: Tarikh Majmu’ah Masjid al-Aqsa: urup.7
[4] Gustave Lobon: Tarikh Urushalimu: urup. 183
[5] Ibin Kathir:Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah: umuzingo wa 8, urup. 280 / Musa Ghawushah: Tarikh Majmu’ah Masjid al-Aqsa: urup.7
[6] Tawfiqi: Ashenayi ba Adyane Bozorghe: urup. 88
[7] Ibin Qutaybah al-Dinawari: Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 23
[8] Akhbar Makka(Fakhi): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 356 / Ibin Kathir: Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah: umuzingo wa 8, urup. 280
[9] Musa Ghawshah: Tarikh Majmu’ah Masjid Al-Aqsa: Urup. 23
[10] Hamidi, Tarikh Urshaliim: Impap. 17 na 18
[11] Musa Ghawshah: Tarikh Majmu’ah Masjid Al-Aqsa: Urup. 23
[12] Tarikh Yaqubi: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 261 / Ibin Kathir: Al-Bidayatu wa al-Nihayah: umuzingo wa 8, urup. 280 / Hayat al-Hayawan al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 58.
