IYICARUBOZO RYAKOREWE BILAL BNI RABAH AL-HABASHI
BILAL BNI RABAH UWO ARIWE
Bilal Ibin Rabah, uzwi ku izina rya Bilal Al-Habashi ni umusangirangendo w’intumwa wari umwirabura ndetse ni umwe mu basangirangendo b’imbonera b’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww) ndetse akaba ari no mu bambere bemeye Islamu ku ikubitiro. Ise ni Rabah naho nyina ni Hamamah bakaba barabaga mu bwoko bwa Bani Jumah i Makka. Yavutse mu mwaka wa gatatu Ammu al-Fiil (umwaka w’inzovu)[1].
Bilal ni we muntu wambere wahawe inshingano zo kuvuga Adhana (umuhamagaro) n’Intumwa y’Imana (saww). Bilal kandi bitewe n’ukuntu yari inyangamugayo akaba yari n’umubitsi ndetse wanagenzuraga ahabikwaga umutungo w’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww) n’Abasilamu mu gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww)[2].
Umuryango wa Bilal ukomoka mu majyaruguru ya Sudani no mu majyepfo ya Egiputa (Misiri) mu gace kitwa Nubah. Ise yajyanwe i Makka ari umucakara maze Bilal avukira i Makka[3]. Bilal yitabye Imana mu mwaka wa 20 hijiriya ( mugihe hari andi mateka avuga ko yitabye Imana mu mwaka wa 17, 18 cyangwa se uwa 21 ) apfira i Damasiko muri Syria yishwe n’indwara yicyorezo yateye icyo gihe. Bilal ashyinguye i Damasiko muri Syria mu irimbi ryitwa Babu al-Swaghira[4].
Imva ya Bilal bni Rabah Al-Habashi.
BILAL AKORERWA IYICARUBOZO
Bilal ni umwe mu bantu bakorewe iyicarubozo rihambaye bazizwa kuba barabaye Abasilamu. Bilal yari ahatswe na Umayyah bni Khalaf wari umwe mu bakuru b’umuryango wa Bani Jumah akaba n’umwanzi ukomeye w’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww), ndetse akaba yarabaga mu murugo iwe.
Ubwo Bilal yemeraga Islamu, Umayyah bni Khalaf yamusohoraga mu nzu buri munsi ku manywa y’ihangu izuba rimaze kuba ryinshi maze akagenda akamurambika mu musenyi wo mu butayu yambaye ubusa akamugereka urutare runini cyane mu gatuza ndetse akanamukubita. Iyo byageraga nijoro bamujyanaga mu nzu maze bwacya mu gihe agifite ibikomere by’iyicarubozo n’inkoni z’umunsi washize, bakongera bakamugarura bamuziritse amaguru n’amaboko ndetse bamuziritse umugozi mu ijosi bagenda mukurura nk’itungo.
Umayyah yafataga umugozi akawuziraka mu ijosi rya Bilal akagenda yiruka amukurura nk’itungo akamwambutsa imisozi akamurenza indi ndetse Bilal yakwitura hasi akagenda amukurura hasi kugeza bageze aho bagiye. Iyo habaga hatarashyuha bamuzirikaga umugozi mu ijosi bamuboshye amaboko maze Umayyah wari sebuja agafata umugozi akawuha abana nuko bakagenda bakurura Bilal mu nzira no mu masoko ahateranira abantu benshi.
Bilal bamukiniyeho ubufindo bamukorera ikintu cyose kibabaza cyatuma ava ku izima ariko aranga ababera ibamba ntiyahakana Imana n’intumwa ye. Hari igihe iyo babonaga izuba rimaze kuba ryinshi cyane bamukuramo imyenda maze bakamwambika imyenda y’ibyuma bakamurambika ku zuba kugirango niriza kuva kuri bya byuma yambaye bishyuhe maze umubiri we ushye[5].
Aho Bilal ashyinguye muri Syria
Umayyah bni Khalaf ubwo yabaga amuhagazeho mu gatuza yaramubwiraga ati: “Ndahiye imana (kimwe mu bigirwamana) ko nzakomeza kuguha ibi bihano kugeza upfuye cyangwa uretse Imana ya Muhammadi ugasenga Laat na Uzza!”. Mu gihe Bilal yabaga arimo guhumeka insigane kubera gushya ndetse n’uburemere bw’ibuye ryari rimuriho, aho kugirango agire icyo abwira Umayyah,ubwo yabaga yazamuye urutoki mu kirere yaravugaga ati: Ahadu! Ahadu! … (Imana yanjye ni) imwe rukumbi! (Imana yanjye ni) imwe rukumbi!…
Bilal yabwiye Umayyah ati:”Yewe Umayyah! Ukwizera kwanjye ku kijyanye n’ubutumwa bwa Muhammadi (saww) ndetse n’Imana ye ni ukwemera k’ukuri gufite aho gushingiye kandi gufite impamvu. Ntabwo ari ukwemera kudafite aho gushingiye nk’uko ubikeka, bityo rero ntabwo kwamvamo cyangwa ngo nguhagarike gutyo gusa.Urimo urankangisha kunkorera iyicarubozo uziko mva ku izima, ndakubwiza ukuri ko ntaza guhakana Muhammad n’Imana ye kabone nubwo wanyica. Kandi umenye ko ugupfa kwange kuza kuba gufite agaciro kuko nza kuba nguye mu nzira y’Imana”.
Umunsi umwe, Waraqah bin Nawfal (nyirarume wa Khadija, wabaga mu bukristu) yaciye aho Bilal yakorerwaga iyicarubozo, maze yumva uko Bilal akorerwa iyicarubozo arimo kuvuga ati: Ahadu! Ahadu! … (Imana yanjye ni) imwe rukumbi! (Imana yanjye ni) imwe rukumbi!… maze Waraqah aravuga ati: “Ndahiye ku Mana ko Imana ya Bilal ari Imana imwe rukumbi nk’uko arimo kubivuga”. Maze Waraqah abwira Umayyah n’abandi bantu bo mu bwoko bwa Bani Jumah barimo gukorera iyicarubozo Bilal ati: “Ndahiye ku Imana ko Bilal nimumwica gutya,agapfa uvuga uko arimo kuvuga, imva ye nzayubakira neza nge nyifata nk’ahantu hatagatifu ho gusura no gusengera maze umuntu akahabonera umugisha, kuko aza kuba apfuye ahowe Imana”.
UKO BILAL YAREKUWE
Intumwa y’Imana (saww) yari ibabajwe n’ibyo abantu bamaze kuyiyoboka barimo gukorerwa ndetse ibabajwe cyane n’ibyo barimo gukorera Bilal. Intumwa ubwayo niyo yagize uruhare mu irekurwa rya Bilal kuko yasabye abasilamu bari bafite ubushobozi guha amafaranga Umayyah maze akarekura Bilal ntakomeze kumwica urubozo. Bumvikanye na Umayyah bni Khalaf maze bumvikana amafaranga barayamuha nuko areka Bilal arataha ndetse ava mumaboko ye arigenga.
Aho twabisanga:
[1] Ibin Athir: Al-Kamil: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 66 / Ibin Hisham: Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyyah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 505 / Ibin Sa’d: umuzingo wa 3 / Ibin Sa’d, Al-Tabqat Al-Kubra, umuzingo wa 3, urup. 232 n’urup. 238 / Ibin Abdu al-Barr: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 179 / Ibin Asakir: Tarikh Damishiq: umuzingo wa 10, urup. 475.
[2] Ibin Hanbal: Musnad: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 148 / Ibin Asakir: Tarikh Damishiq: umuzingo wa 10, urup. 452 / Ibin Athir: Usd al-Ghabah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 243.
[3] Al-Wafi: umuzingo wa 21, urup. 114 / Ibin Athir: Al-Kamil: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 66 / Ibin Hisham: Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyyah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 505 / Ibin Sa’d: Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 3, urup. 232 /Ibin Sa’d: Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 3, urup. 238 / Ibin Abdu al-Barr: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 179 / Ibin Asakir: Tarikh Damishiq: umuzingo wa 10, urup. 475.
[4] Ibin Sa’d: Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 3, urup. 238 / Ibin Qutaybah: Kitab al-Ma’arif: urup rwa 88 / Tabari: Tarikh Tabari: umuzingo wa 4, urup. 112 / Khatib Baghdadi: Tarikh Baghdad: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 184 / Tusi: Al-Rijal: urup. 8 n’urup.9 / Ibin Abdu al-Barr: Al-Isti’ab: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 179 / Ibin Asakir: Tarikh Damishiq: umuzingo wa 10, imp. 433, 476-479 / Ibin Athir, Usd al-Ghabah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 244 / Tahdhib al-Kamal: umuzingo wa 4, urup. 290 / Ibin Hajar Asqalani: Al-Iswaba: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 327.
[5] Usdu al-Ghabah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 209 / Al-Twabaqat: Ibin Sa’d: umuzingo wa 3, urup. 233 / Sayyid Muhsin Amin: Ayanu al-Shia’ah: umuzingo wa 3, urup. 604.
