INTAMBARA ZISWE FIJJAR
Intambara ziswe Fijjar ni intambara enye zabaye hashize imyaka makumyabiri habaye igitero cy’inzovu ( A’amu al-Fiil). Icyo gihe izo ntambara zabaga bakise Aamu al-Fijjar. Izo ntambara zari zihuje abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Qurayishi n’abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Qayisi maze zose zirangira zitsinzwe n’abantu bo mubwoko bwa Qurayishi.
Abarabu bo mu gihe cy’ubujiji (Jahliyat) bamaze imyaka myinshi mu rugamba no gusahura, maze babona gukomeza gutyo byahungabanya ubuzima bwabo. Nibwo kwiyemeza gufata amwe mu mezi agize umwaka bayagira amezi aziririjwe kurwana muri yo. Ayo mezi ane ni Rajab, Dhi Al-Qadah, Dhu al-Hijjah na Muharram. Muri ayo mezi bumvikanye ndetse basezerana ko kurwana muri yo ari haramu ( biziririjwe), kugirango bafungure amasoko yubucuruzi muri icyo gihe, hanyuma abantu bihaze mu biribwa ku buryo andi mezi asigaye nibasubira mu ntambara bazabe bafite ibyo kurya bizabageza kuri ya mezi aziririjwe kurwanamo.
Muri aya mezi ane, amasoko ya Okaz, Majnah, na Dhi Al-Majaz yabaga yuzuye abantu ari urujya n’uruza kuburyo abarwanaga mu mezi yose asigaye bahuriragamo ugasanga nta kibazo kinini bafitanye ndetse baragurirana. Nubwo Abarabu bari barabisezeranye ko batazarwana muri ayo mezi, ntibabashije kubikurikiza kuko ibyo bari basezeranye babirenzeho inshuro enye zose nuko haba intambara enye amoko amwe yabarabu aricana. Kubera ko izo ntambara zabaye mu mezi aziririjwe, bazise “Intambara za Fijjar cyangwa se intambara zabaye mu mumezi aziririjwe”.
1. INTAMBARA YAMBERE YA FIJJAR
Iyi ntambara yari ihuje Abarabu bakomoka mu amoko ya “Kinanah” na “Hawazan”. Impamvu yateye iyi ntambara yanditswe mu bitabo by’amateka mu buryo bukurikira: Umugabo witwa Badr Ibin Mu’asher yari yateguye ikibanza cye mu isoko rya “Okaz“, maze buri munsi akajya yirata ibigwi ndetse anarata ibigwi abantu bo mu bwoko bwe. Umunsi umwe, afata inkota atera hejuru ati: ” Yemwe Bantu!, Ndi umuntu ubarusha agaciro no kuba umuntu uhambaye. Yungamo ati umuntu wese utemera amagambo yanjye agomba kwicwa n’iyi nkota.” Muri ako kanya, umugabo umwe wakomokaga mu bwoko butari ubwe arahaguruka, amukubita inkota, amuca ukuguru. Kuva ubwo ubwoko bwombi bukozanyaho burarwana ariko bwemera kwiyunga nta maraso menshi amenetse.
2. NTAMBARA YAKABIRI YA FIJJAR
Impamvu y’iyi ntambara nuko umugore mwiza cyane wo mu muryango wa “Bani A’mir” yabengutswe n’umusore wakomokaga mu bwoko bwa Bani Kinanah. Uwo musore bitewe n’ukuntu yari yamukunze, asaba uwo mukobwa gukuraho igitambaro cyari kimuhishe mu maso kugirango amurebe neza ariko umukobwa arabyanga aramutsembera. Umusore abonye abyanze niko kujya inyuma y’uwo mukobwa afata imbenda ye yari miremire ayizirika kubyatsi aho uwo mukobwa yari yicaye kugirango naza guhaguruka imyenda ize guhita ivaho amurebe nk’uko yabishakaga.
Umukobwa yahagurutse atamenye ko imyenda ye bazirikanyije n’ibyatsi maze imyenda ye ivaho mu maso he n’umutwe haragaragara. Umukobwa byaramubabaje cyane nibwo kujya kurega uwo musore mu bantu bo mubwoko bwe. Abantu bo mubwoko bw’uwo mukobwa baje kumuhorera maze abantu bo mubwoko bw’umusore nabo baza kumutabara haba intambara yamaze igihe gito ndetse igwamo abantu bake maze bariyunga intambara irahosha.
3. NTAMBARA YAGATATU YA FIJJAR
Umugabo wo mu bwoko bwa Bani A’mir yari afitiwe ideni n’umugabo wo mubwoko bwa Bani Kinanah. Buriko uko ufitiwe ideni yajyaga kwishyuza umurimo ideni, yamubwiraga kuzagaruka ejo bigeraho ufitiwe ideni ararambirwa maze baterana amagambo bigera naho batangira kurwana. Niko guhita haza n’abandi bantu ba buri ruhande gutabara mugenzi wabo. Iyi ntambara ntabwo yamaze igihe kirekire kuko yahise ihosha hatamenetse amaraso menshi
4. NTAMBARA YA KANE YA FIJJAR
Intambara ya Fijjar ya kane niyo ntambara Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww) yitabiriye. Iyi ntambara yabaye nyuma yimyaka 20 nyuma y’igitero cy’inzovu na nyuma y’imyaka 12 nyuma y’urupfu rwa Abdu al-Muttalib. Iba ihuje ubwoko bubiri aribwo Bani Kinanah na Bani Qayisi.
Bamwe bavuze ko muri iki gihe intumwa yari afite imyaka cumi n’itanu cyangwa cumi nine, mu gihe abandi bavuze ko yari afite imyaka makumyabiri, ariko kubera ko iyi ntambara yamaze imyaka ine, ibivugwa hafi ya byose ni ukuri [1].
Impamvu yateye iyi ntambara yavuzwe muri ubu buryo bukurikira: Nu’man bin Munzir wari umucuruzi ukomeye muri icyo gihe buri mwaka yajyaga ategura ndetse akohereza ibicuruzwa muri mu isoko rya Okaz. Maze akagura impu, umigozi, n’ibitambaro byiza. Ibicuruzwa bya Nu’man byabaga biyobowe ndetse bikuriwe n’umugabo witwa Harith. Umugabo witwa Baraz bin Qays ukomoka mubwoko bwa Bani Kinanah, wari ushyigikiwe na Harbu bin Umayyah anafashwa nawe, yishe Harith wari ukuriye ubucuruzi bwa Nu’man ndetse nyuma yaho Harbu bin Umayyah aza guhagarika kumushyigikira no kumufasha.
Baraz bin Qays amaze kwica Harith yajyanye na Urwah Ibin Utabah wakomokaga mu bwoko bwa Hawazan bajya kwa Nu’man kumufasha mu bucuruzi bwe dore ko uwamufashaga yari yishwe. Ntibyatinze hagati ya Baraz bin Qays na Urwah hajemo ukutumvikana maze nyuma y’igihe gito Nu’man afata Urwah bni Utabah amugira ukuriye ubucuruzi maze Baraz bin Qays ntiyagira icyo amushinga. Baraz bin Qays abibonye ajya kwa Nu’man kujya kumubwirako yarenganye ndetse nawe akwiye kugira icyo ashingwa ariko Nu’man amwima amatwi ntiyagira icyo amumarira.
Kuva ubwo hagati ya Baraz bin Qays na Urwah hajemo urwango n’ishyari bigera aho Baraz bin Qays yishe Urwah amwicira mu gace kitwa Bani Murrah. Murwego rwo kujijisha afata amaraso ye ayasiga mu biganza by’umwe mu gantu bakomoka mu bwoko bwa Hawazin ari nabwo Urwah akomokamo kugira ngo bivugwe ko ariwe wamwishe. Muri icyo gihe abantu bo mu bwoko bwa bwa Bani Kinanah bari bashyigikiwe n’abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Qurayishi bafitanye ubumwe.
Abantu bo mubwoko bwa Hawazin bambariye urugamba bagiye guhorera umuntu wabo wishwe maze Abaqurayishi ndetse na Bani Kinanah mu rwego rwo kwitegura urugamba biruka bajya mu gace kitwaga Haramu ( agace gaherereye muri Farsakh enye ahakikije Makka. Kari agace kabujijwe kurwaniramo). Abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Bani Hawazim barihuse bajya kubatangira bataragera muri ako gace maze bararwana bubiriraho. Kubera ijoro ryari riguye, biyemeje gusubika imirwano bakazayisubukura bukeye.
Abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Qurayishi ndetse no muri Bani Kinanah bitwikiriye ijoro bajya muri ka gace kabujijwe kurwaniramo maze bakajya batera ariho baturutse. Iyi ntambata yamaze imyaka ine yose itararangira, iza kurangira hatanzwe impozamarira ku bantu bari bishwe bo mu bwoko bwa Hawazin maze intambara irangira ityo[2].
[1] Al-Kamil: umuzingo wa 1 urup: 358 / Sirah Ibin Hisham: Mu bisobanuro biri ahagana hasi ku ku rup. 184 umuzingo wa 1.
[2] Sirat Ibin Hisham: Umuz.1 impap.184-187.
