GUHUNGIRA MURI HABASHI (ETIYOPIYA) KW’ABASILAMU
Mu minsi ya mbere y’ibwirizabutumwa rikozwe n’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww), uko abasilamu biyongeraga ni nako uburakari n’urwango by’ababangikanyamana(Abaqurayishi) byiyongeraga kuri bo maze barabatoteza bikomeye . Nubwo Abasilamu bari mu kaga gakomeye, intumwa yo yari ifite agahenge kubera ko Abu Twalib yari umuntu ukomeye muri bo ndetse yari yariyemeje kurinda intumwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntacyo abantu bari kuyitwara ugereranyije n’abandi basilamu banzwe.
Ku bw’umutekano w’abasilamu basanzwe no kuba bari bari mu kaga bari guhigwa, intumwa yategetse abasilamu guhungira muri Habashi kugira ngo bakize ubuzima bwabo. Intumwa yarababwiye iti:”Muri Habashi hariyo umwami (w’umukiristu) w’imico myiza, none nimugende nimugerayo ntacyo azabatwara. Mugende mugumeyo kugeza igihe Imana izashakira ko mugaruka”. Uguhungira muri Habashi byabaye mu byiciro biri aribyo kuhungirayo kwa mbere ndetse no guhungirayo kwa kabiri [1].
GUHUNGIRA MURI HABASHI (ETIYOPIYA) KWA MBERE
Mu mwezi kwa Rajab mu mwaka wa gatanu Bi’that (hashize imyaka itanu intumwa ihawe ubutumwa), hanashize imyaka ibiri intumwa itangiye kwigisha no kwamamaza Islamu ku mugaragaro, nibwo abagabo cumi n’umwe n’abagore bane b’Abasilamu bahunze iyicarubozo n’ubundi bugome bakorerwaga n’ababangikanyamana maze bahungira i Habashi muri Habashi y’ubu.
Iryo tsinda ry’abantu basohotse rwihishwa mu mujyi wa Makka maze bagera ku nkombe z’inyanja itukura nta muqurayishi w’umubangikanyamana ubimenye ko bahunze. Bageze ku nyanja itukura, babifashijwemo n’Imana babonye ubwato bubiri bwari buzanye ibicuruzwa buvuye i Habashi bugiye gusubirayo, maze basubiranayo nabwo bishyuye igice cy’Idinari kuri buri wese.
Ababangikanyamana bamaze kumenya ko hari abasilamu bahunze , barabakurikiye ariko ubwo bari bamaze kugera ku Nyanja itukura basanze ubwato bwari bubatwaye bumaze guhaguruka bwagiye maze basubirayo bakubita agatoko ku kandi[2].
UMUBARE W’ABANTU BAHUNGIYE I HABASHI KU NSHURO YAMBERE
Abasilamu bosehamwe bahungiye i Habashi bwa mbere bari bayobowe na Othman bni Maz’un ni aba bakurikira:
1. Othman bin Affan n’umugore we Ruqayyah[3].
2. Abu Hudhayfah bin Utbah bin Rabia, hamwe n’umugore we Sahlah, umukobwa wa Suhail bin Amru bin Amir bin Loyi [4].
3. Zubair Ibin Awam [5].
4. Abu Sabra bin Abi Rahm bin Abd al-Gharri al-Amiri wo muri Bani Amiri bin Loyi [6].
5. Suhail Ibin Baydwa wo muri Bani Al-Harith Ibin Fahr [7]
6. Abdallah bin Mas’ud[8]
7. Amir Ibin Rabi’ah Al-Anzi Khalif Bani Uday n’umugore we Laila, umukobwa wa Abu Hathma [9].
8. Musw’ab bin Umayr [10]
9. Othman bni Maz’uun (wari unayoboye iri tsinda)[11].
10. Abdul Rahman Ibin Awf[12]
11. Ummu Ayiman[13]
12. Abu Salamah n’umugore we Ummu Salamah (wanabaye umugore w’intumwa nyumwa y’urupfu rw’umugore we)[14].
IMPAMVU BAGARUTSE I MAKKA
Abayisilamu bahungiye muri Habashi bagumyeyo babayo amezi abiri ya Sha’ban na Ramazani maze basubira I Makka mu kwezi kwa Shawwal yo mu mwaka wa gatanu wa Bi’that. Ibin Hisham asobanura impamvu yo gutaha kw’abantu bari bahungiye i Habashi muri ubu buryo bukurikira: Abahungiye i Habashi bavuye i Maka bamaze kugerayo bakiriwe n’umwami waho maze babaho natekanye bafite umutekano usesuye.
Ubwo bari muri Habashi bamazeyo igihe gito, bumvise amakuru y’ibihuha ko ababangikanyamana benshi ba Maka babaye abayisilamu bose, ibi bihuha by’ibinyoma byatumye iryo tsinda ry’abasilamu bapakira ibyo bari bafite hanyuma basubira mu mujyi wabo wa Makka batabanje no gukora iperereza kuri ayo makuru, maze bagezeyo basanga byari ibihuha[15].
Aho twabisanga:
[1] Ibin Hisham, Abd al-Malik bin Hisham: Al-Sira al-Nabawiyyah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 317 n’umuzingo wa 1, urup. 321 / Yaqubi, Ahmad Ibin Abi Yaqub: Tarikh Yaqubi: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 29 / Ibin Ishaq, Muhammad Ibin Ishaq: Sira ibni Ishaq: urup. 213
[2] Ibin Hisham: Al-Sira al-Nabawiyyah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 323 / Yaqubi, Ahmad Ibin Abi Yaqub: Tarikh Yaqubi: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 29 / Ibin Sa’d, Muhammad Ibin Sa’d: Tabaqat al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 159 / Baladhuri, Ahmad Ibin Yahya: Ansab al-Ashraf: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 223 / Ibin Athir: Al-Kamil fi Al-Tarikh: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 78
[3] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 395)
[4] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 395
[5] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 395
[6] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 395
[7] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 396
[8] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 396
[9] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 396
[10] Ibin Khaldun: Al-I’bbar (Tarikh bni Khaldun): umuzingo wa 1, urup. 396
[11] Bayhaqi: Dala’il al-Nabuwah: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 49
[12] Ibin Hisham: Al-Sira al-Nabawiyyah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 213
[13] Ibin Abd al-Barr: al-Isti’ab: umuzingo wa 4, urup. 1793 / Ibin Athir: Usd al-Ghabah: umuzingo wa 5, urup. 567
[14] Zahabi: Siyar A’lam al-Nubala: umuz.2 urup.202
[15] Ibin Hisham: Al-Sira al-Nabawiyyah: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 232
