INKOMOKO Y’IBIGIRWAMANA BY’ABARABU
Kuva intumwa y’Imana Ibrahim (as) yakwimurira umuryango we i Makka, kuva ubwo uhereye ku rubyaro rukomoka ku muhungu we intumwa y’Imana Ismail(as) basengaga Imama imwe rukumbi ari nayo Ibrahim (as) yasengaga. Ubwo urubyaro rukomoka kuri Ismail (as) rwari rutuye hafi ya Kaaba rwari rumaze kwiyongera, bamwe muri bo barimutse bajya gutura ahandi mu tundi duce.
Iryo tsinda ry’abarabu bakomoka ku ntumwa y’Imana Ismail (as)ryabaye intandaro yo gusenga ibigirwamana . Ubwo umubare wabo wari umaze kwiyongera i Makka, bahisemo kuva i Makka hafi ya Al-Kaaba bajya gushaka ahantu hashya ho gutura . Mu gihe cyo kwimuka kwabo, kubera ukuntu bubahaga Al-Kaaba, bakuye amabuye kuri al-Kaaba barayajyana, bajyera ahantu baca ingando cyangwa se ho gutura bakahatereka ya mabuye bakuye kuri Al-Kaaba maze bakayazenguruka bakora Twawafu nk’uko bazengurukaga Al-Kaaba bakiri I Makka .
Gufata ayo mabuye nk’amabuye matagatifu byagiye bifata intera bigera aho uwari urifite yatangiye kujya arisenga. Uko ibinyejana byashize ibindi biza, niko idini rya Abrahamu(as) na Ismail (as) ryagiye ryibagirana abantu basigara basenga ibigirwamana. Ariko nubwo byari bimeze bityo, umuhango wa Hija wagumyeho, ariko ugenda wivanga n’indi migenzo y’abasengaga ibigirwamana.
Umuntu wa mbere wakwirakwije ibigirwamana mu barabu ni umuntu witwa Amru bin Luhha (Lahhi) wari mu bikonerezwa no mu bayobozi b’Abarabu muri icyo gihe. Yavuye i Makka yerekeza i Shamu (muri Syria), ahabona abantu basengaga ibigirwamana. Yarabajije ati: Ibi ni ibiki musenga? Bati: Ni ikigirwamana dusaba imvura kandi imvura tukayibona, turabisaba ubufasha tukabubona”. Abasaba kumuha ikigirwamana cyo kuzana mu gihugu cy’Abarabu ngo bagisenge nabo babone ibyo yari abwiwe ko bitanga. Bamuhaye ikigirwamana cyitwa Hubaal. Yakizanye i Makka arakihashyira, ategeka Abarabu kugisenga no kucyubaha bikomeye. Bamwe mu bamenyi b’Amateka bemeza ko Amru ariwe muntu wa mbere washyize ikigirwamana muri Kaaba.
Amateka avuga ko kuva ubwo, amoko y’Abarabu yagiye atunga ibigirwamana bynshi cyane bitandukanye, bimwe babiguze ibindi babihawe nk’impano ibindi babyikoreye. Bitewe n’ukuntu bubahaga inzu ya Al-Kaaba, no kuba amoko yarapinganaga arushanwa kwerekana imbaraga zayo n’ubuhambare, buri bwoko bwafataga ikigirwamana cyabwo gikuru bukagishyira kuri Al-Kaaba ngo kibuhagararire ndetse bajye banagisenga igihe baje muri Hijja no kuhasura.
Bivugwa muri Al-Kaaba hashyizwe ibigirwamana 360 byose. Muri ibyo bigirwamana 360, hari harimo ibigirwamana bigera kuri 65 bizwi kandi bisengwa n’abantu benshi aribyo tugiye kubona.
IBIGIRWAMANA BITATU BY’ABARABU BYARI BIKOMEYE MU GIHE CY’UBUJIJI
Mu gihe cy’ubujiji [mbere y’uko intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (swallallahu alayhi wa alihi wa salam) ihabwa ubutumwa], Abapagani b’Abarabu bari bafite ibigirwamana byinshi bari barashyize muri Kaaba ibindi babishyira inyuma yayo ibindi babibika mu mago yabo, ariko muri byo harimo ibigirwamana bitatu aho nta gushidikanya ko ibi bitatu byari bifite akamaro gakomeye bitewe n’agaciro n’icyubahiro byari bifite,ingano yabyo,ubwoko bwabisengaga ndetse naho byari byarashyizwe n’ukuntu byari bizwi cyane. Ibyo bigirwamana ni :”Laat”, “Uzza” na “Manat” .
Hari ukunyuranya ku kijyanye no kwita amazina ibi bigirwamana bitatu aya mazina, k’uwabikoze, hamwe n ‘abantu babisengaga. Aha turavuga ibivugwa mu gitabo kitwa:”Bulugh al-Arab fi Mu’arifati Ahwal al-Arab”[1].
- IKIGIRWAMANA CYA MANAAT
Ikigirwamana cya mbere kizwi cyane cyatoranijwe n’Abarabu cyari ikigore ni ikigirwamana cya Manaat . Cyari ikigirwamana cy’ibyanditswe n’imperuka, cyakozwe nyuma y’uko Amru bin Luhha avanye ikigirwamana muri Shamu akakizana muri Hijaz. Iki kigirwamana cyashyizwe mu gace gaherereye mu gace kegereye “Inyanja Itukura” hagati ya Madina na Makka, kandi cyubahwa n’Abarabu bose. Abarabu bagitambiraga ibitambo, ariko imiryango ibiri ya “Aws” na “Khazraj” niyo yacyitagaho inacyubaha cyane kandi inagisenga.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko iki kigirwamana nacyo cyatumijwe mu mahanga aho cyari kimwe mu bigirwamana bya Babiloni. Abarabu bahaga impano iki kigirwamana, harimo inkota ebyiri ubwami bwahaye Manaat ndetse banagitambiraga ibitambo ku buryo bakimegaho amaraso y’ibitambo ku maguru yacyo kenshi. Kugeza mu mwaka wa munani wa Hijira, umwaka wo “Kwigarurira Makka “Fatihu Makka”, ubwo Intumwa (saww) yavaga i “Madina” yerekeza i “Makka”, iki kigirwamana cyari kikiri juri Al-Kaaba. Ubwo Makka yari imaze gufatwa, intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (swallallahu alayhi wa aalihi wa salam) yohereje Umuyobozi w’Abemeramana ariwe Ali mwene Abitwalib (alayhi salaam) aba ariwe ukimena .
- IKIGIRWAMANA CYA AL- LAAT
Abarabu bo mu gihe cy’ubujiji, hashize igihe nyuma yo gukora cyangwa se kugura ikigirwamana cya “Manaat”, bakoze (cyangwa se baguze) ikigirwamana cya “Laat”. Iki kigirwamana cyari ikigirwamana cy”abagore. Aho cyari gikoze mu ibuye rifite impande enye. Iki kigirwamana cyari giherereye mu gace ka “Twaif”, aho uyu munsi iminara iri ibumoso bw’umusigiti wa “Twaif” yubatse ahari icyo kigirwamana. Abantu bo mu bwoko bwa “Saqifa” nibo bitaga kuri iki kigirwamana .
Intiti mu mateka zemeza ko izina “Laat” ryakuwe mu rurimi rwa Nabatwi, rikaba ryari izina ry’imwe mu mana z’ingore z’Abanyababuloni bari batuye i Babuloni, ikaba imana y’abagore (abakobwa). Abavandimwe bayo bari “Mamnatu” na “Ghashtar”. Laati, kimwe n’izindi mana z’i Babiloni, yarimuwe ijyanwa muri Siriya i Shamu, maze irashyingirwa iba umugore w’imana y’umugabo yaho yari izwi cyane yitwaga Haddadm, yari Imana y’imvura. Mu bwoko bwa Nabatwi, Laat yitwaga Rabat al-Bayt aho nyuma yaje kuba imana y’izuba.
Ubwo ikigirwamana Laat cyimurirwaga i Hijaz (i Makka) gikuwe i Shamu, cyasengwaga n’abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Saqifa na Qurayshi kandi bacyubaha cyane. Abantu bo muri ubwo bwoko bwa Saqifa bamaze kuba Abayisilamu, Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (Allah amuhe amahoro n’imigisha n’abiwe) yohereje Mughairah, arakimenagura arangije agitwika mu muriro.
- IKIGIRWAMANA CYA AL-UZZA
Ikigirwamana cya gatatu cyatoranyijwe n’Abarabu bo mugihe cy’ubujiji ni “Uzza” aho cyari ikirwamana cy’umunsi cyangwa igihe bari barimo, kikaba cyaraturutse i Babiloni . Bagishyize mu gace gaherereye mu nzira iva “Makka” yerekeza muri “Iraki” hafi y’ahitwa “Dhatu A’raq” cyangwa se i Wadi al-Qura. Abakurayishi bafataga Laat, Uzza na Manaat) nk’abakobwa b’Imana. Abantu bo mu bwoko bw’Abaqurayishi bahaga agaciro gakomeye icyo kigirwamana ndetse banagisenga.Mu giheburayo, “Uzi” ni izina rikomoka kuri “Uzra”, bisobanura “ubukana n’imbaraga”.
Uzza bikaba bisobanura: Igifite imbara zihambaye. Uzza kikaba cyari ikirwana gishaje kuruta Manaat na Laati. Abarabu bo mugihe cy’ubujiji bitaga cyane kuri ibibi bigirwamana bitatu bikuru kuburyo niyo babaga bari muri Twawafu (kuzenguruka) ku nzu y’Imana (Kaaba) bavugaga bati:وَ اللاّتِ وَ الْعُزّى، وَ مَناة الثّالِثَة الاُخْرى، فَاِنَّهُنَّ الْغَرانِیْقُ الْعُلى، وَ اِنَّ شَفاعَتَهُنَّ لَتُرْتَجى “Laati, Uzza na Manaat ni (ibiguruka)inyoni nziza zo mu rwego ruhambaye aho kuri zo hari ibyiringiro byo kugirirwa neza ndetse no gukira”. Ibi bigirwamana byafatwaga nk’abakobwa b’Imana (uko bigaragara Abarabu bafataga ibi bigirwamana nk’ishusho y’abamarayika, aho babyitaga abakobwa b’Imana)[2].
Igitangaje nuko mu mazina bitaga ibi bigirwamana bifashishaga amazina y’Imana, bakongeraho inyuguti yerekana ko ari izina ry’irigore cyangwa se bakarihindura irigore mu rwego rwo kugaragaza imyizerere yavuzwe haruguru. Abarabu bubahaga ibyo bigirwamana ku buryo bahisemo amazina nka “Abd al-‘Uzza” na “Abd al-Manat” bakayita umuntu cyangwa ubwoko[3]
Aho twabisanga:
[1] Bulugh al-Arab fi Mu’arifati Ahwal al-Arab: Ni igitabo cy’umwanditsi uzwi cyane witwa Muhammad Shukri al-Alusi.
[2] Bulugh al-Arab fi Mu’arifati Ahwal al-Arab: Umuz.2 urup.202-203
[3] Bulugh al-Arab fi Mu’arifati Ahwal al-Arab: Umuz.2 urup.202-203
