KUMENA IBIGIRWAMANA BY’I MAKKA (KASRI ASWNAAMU)
Inkuru yo kumenagura ibigirwamana byabaga kuri Al-Kaaba hejuru n’imbere yiswe Kasri Aswnaamu ni inkuru ivuga uko Imamu Ali (AS) yajyanye n’Intumway’Imana Muhammad (saww) kumena no gukura ibigirwamana byari biri kuri Kaaba. Iyi nkuru yavuzwe mu bitabo by’abashiya n’abasuni. Icyo gikorwa kikaba cyarabaye mu ijoro ryo kwimuka kw’intumwa iva i Makka ijya i Madina cyangwa mu gihe cyo kwigarurira cyangwa se gufata Makka aho muri iki gihe bigirwamana byose byabaga muri Kaaba haba imbere cyangwa inyuma byakuwemo bikamenwa.
Inkuru yo kumena Aswnaamu (ibigirwamana) yabaye impamvu yo guhishurwa k’umurongo wa 81 wa Surat Isra n’umurongo wa 57 wa Surat Maryam. Nyuma y’uko ibi biba, Intumwa Muhammadi (saww) yavuze ko Ibrahim (AS) ariwe mu ntu waa mbere wamennye ibigirwamana naho Imamu Ali (AS) aba uwanyuma mamennye ibigirwamana . Mu nkuru zimwe na zimwe zizwi cyane kandi zizewe, Imam Ali (AS) niwe uvugwa nka “Kasir al-Aswnam” (umena ibigirwamana).
UKO KUMENA IBIGIRWAMANA BYAGENZE
Amateka ya Kasr al-Aswnaamu (kumena ibigirwamana) cyangwa “Hadithi ya Kasr al-Aswnamu”, ivuga ku nkuru ya Imamu Ali (AS) wajyanye n’Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww) yo kumena ibigirwamana byabaga hejuru y’inzu ya Kaaba[1] .
Isenywa n’ihirikwa ry’ibigirwamana bimwe na bimwe nk’ikigirwamana cya Hubaal ni igikorwa cy’agaciro kitazibagirana mu mateka cyakozwe na Imam Ally (as) ari kumwe n’intumwa y’Imana Muhammad(saww)[2].
Ku ikubitiro, Imam Ali (AS) yashakaga gushyira Intumwa Muhammad(saww) ku bitugu bye ngo abe ariyo imenagura ibigirwamana ariko ntiyabishobora ,aho Jabir bin Abdullah avuga ko byatewe n’uburemere bw’ubutumwa[3]. Nuko intumwa (saww) ishyira Imam Ali (AS) ku bitugu byayo maze aba ariwe wurira ajya hejuru kuri Kaaba asenya ibigirwamana abihanantura hejuru ya Kaaba abijugunya hasi[4].
Hari abamenyi b’ibyatwa b’amateka bavuze ko ku ikubitiro Intumwa y’Imana (saww) ubwayo ariyo yategetse Ali (AS) kujya ku bitugu byayo maze ikajya hejuru ya Kaaba gusenya ibigirwamana[5].
Hariho inkuru zitandukanye zivuga uburyo Imamu Ali (as) yamanutse ava hejuru ku gisenge cy’inzu ya Kaaba. Urugero, dukurikije ibyavuzwe muri zimwe muri Hadithi, zivuga ko Imamu Ali (as) yimanuye we ubwe ava ku gisenge cya Kaaba agera hasi ntacyo abaye na gito aho urukuta rwa Kaaba muri icyo gihe rwari rufite uburebure bungana na Dhiraa mirongo ine .
(Dhira’a cyangwa se Mikono mu Kinyarwanda, imwe ihwanye na “Cubit” mu Cyongereza. Hanyuma “Cubit” ikaba ari uburebure bw’ukuboko uhereye mu nkokora kugera ku mpera z’urutoki rwa musumbazose. Mikono ni ikigereranyo cyifashishwaga mu bihe bya cyera n’ibihugu byinshi (Abarabu, Abaperisi, Abaroma, Abagereki n’abandi). Gusa aha ushobora guhita wibaza uti: “Nonese ko uburebure bw’amaboko y’abantu butangana, ubwo wamenya ute by’ukuri indeshyo y’ikintu runaka?”. Izi mpungenge ni zo zatumye muri ibyo bihe, mikono imwe igereranywa mu buryo bugenekereje na “inches” 18, zihwanye na sentimetero hafi 50 mu bipimo ab’ubu tumenyereye. Bishatse kuvuga ko urukuta rwa Kaaba rwari rufite uburebure bujya kungana na metero ziri hagati ya 15 na 20)[6] .
Mu yindi hadith ivuga uburyo Imam Ally (as) yamanutse kuri Kaaba, ivuga ko: Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww) yabwiye Ali (AS) iti: Malayika Gaburiyeli arakumanura ku gisenge cya Kaaba akugeze hasi[7]. Inkuru yo gusenya ibigirwamana (Kasri Aswnam) yavuzwe mu bitabo by’Abashiya n’ibya Ahl al-Sunnah. Aho Abdullah bin Abbas Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari na Abu Maryam bavuze iyi nkuru. Muri Al-Ghadir, Allamah Amini yakoze urutonde rw’intiti z’Abasuni bavuze iyi nkuru[8].
UBUHAMBARE BWA IMAM ALLY (as) KUBERA GUSENYA IBIGIRWAMANA
Kuba Imamu Ali (AS) yarashyizwe ku rutugu n’Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (saww) bifatwa nk’imwe mu mpamvu yerekana ubuhambare n’ibigwi bya Imam Ali (AS). Iyi nkuru yavuzwe mu bitabo bivuga ibigwi bya Imam Ally(as) no mu bisigo bya abasizi bakomeye[9].
Nyuma y’ibi bibaye, Intumwa Muhamadi (saww) yerekanye Intumwa Ibrahim (AS) nk’uwamennye bwa mbere ibigirwamana na Imamu Ali (AS) nk’uwamennye bwa nyuma ibigirwamana. Iki kikaba ari kimwe mu byerekana ubuhambare bwa Imam Ally(as)[10]. Ibyo binagaragarira muri hadith nyinshi , aho Imama Ali (AS) yerekanwe nka “Kasri al-Aswnam” (umena ibigirwamana)[11]. Hari nabahuje igisobanuro cy’izina “Ali” bisobanura “Uri ku rwego ruhanitse kandi wubashywe” kubera ko yahagaze ku bitugu by’Intumwa y’intumwa y’Imana (saww) maze aba ariwe umena ibigirwamana .
IMAM ALLY(AS) AVUGA KO ARIWE WAMENNYE IBIGIRWAMANA UBWO YARI MU NTEKO Y’ABANTU BATANDATU
Imamu Ali (AS) yahoraga atewe ishema no kuba yarashyizwe ku rutugu n’intumwa maze akaba ariwe usenya ibigirwamana (Kasri Aswnam ) agira ati: Ninjye wakandagije ikirenge cyange ku mukono (kashe) w’ubuhanuzi (ashaka kuvuga ko yahagaraye ku bitugu by’intumwa yasozereje izindi ubwo yaragiye hejuru kuri Kaaba kumena ibigirwamana)[12].
Yabwiye abari mu nama igizwe n’abantu batandatu bagombaga kwitoramo khalifa uzasimbura Umari bin al-Khattab ko nta wundi muntu utari we ufite ibyo bigwi (ashaka kuvuga ko yahagaze ku bitugu by’intumwa yasozereje izindi ubwo yaragiye hejuru kuri Kaaba kumena ibigirwamana)[13].
Bivugwa ko Umari bin al-Khattab yahoraga yifuza ko yagera kuri icyo cyubahiro aho yavugaga ati:” Ubona iyo biza gushoboka akaba aringe wagiye ku bitugu by’intumwa nkajya kuri Kaaba kumena ibigirwamana![14].
IGIHE ICYO GIKORWA CYABEREYE N’AKAMARO KACYO
Dukurikije ibivugwa muri riwayat, kumena ibigirwamana bikozwe na Imamu Ali (AS) byatumye ababangikanyamana batongera gushyira ibigirwamana mu nzu y’Imana ariyo Al-Kaaba [15]. Mu bitabo bimwe n’amwe by’Abasuni, iki gikorwa cyakozwe na Imam Ally (as) cyafashwe nk’impamvu yo kuvaho burundu kw’ibikoresho byose byifashishwaga n’ababangikanyamana bakora ibyaha[16].
Ku kijyanye n’igihe (umunsi,isaha) icyo gikorwa cyabereye , mu bitabo byinshi ntabwo havugwa igihe icyo gikorwa cyabereye uretse abavuga ko ari igikorwa cyabaye nijoro mu buryo bw’ibanga rikomeye[17]. Ariko hari ibitabo bimwe na bimwe byanditsemo ko icyo gikorwa cyabaye mu ijoro ryo kwimuka kw’Intumwa Muhammadi (saww) iva i Makka ijya i Madina[18]. Cyangwa se igihe habagaho kwigarurira Makka (Fatihu Makka)[19].
Aho Twabisanga:
[1] Nahaj al-Haq (Allamah Hiliy): Urup.223 / Ahqaq al-Haq (Shushtari, umuz.18, urup. 162.
[2] Shawadid Al-Tanzil (Haskani): umuz. 1, urup. 453-454 / Manaqib (Ibin Shahr Ashub): Umuz. wa 2, urup. 135.
[3] Manaqib (Ibin Shahr Ashub): Umuz. 2 p. 135
[4] Sunan al-Kubra (Nisa’i): umuzingo wa 7, urup. 451 / Abi Ali, Musnad umuz.1, imp. 251-252.
[5] Ma’ani al-Akhbar (Saduq) imp. 350-352 / Al-Burhan (Bahrani): Umuzingo wa 3, imp. 576-578 / Bihar al-Anwar (Majlisi): umuz. 38, imp. 82-84 / Manaqib (Ibin Shahr Ashub): Umuz. 2, imp. 136, 141.
[6] Manaqib( Ibin Shahr Ashub): umuzingo wa 2, urup. 141 / Mustadrak Al-Sahihayin (Hakim Nayshabouri): umuzingo wa 2, p. 398.
[7] Bahrani, Al-Burhan: umuzingo wa 3, urup. 580
[8] Ibin Shahr Ashub : Manaqib, umuzingo wa 2, imp. 135-142 / Shushtari: Ahqaq al-Haq : umuzingo wa 18, imp. 162-168 / Ibin Abi Shaybah: Al-Musnaf: umuzingo wa 13, imp. 146-147; / Ibin Hambal, Musnad: umuzingo wa 2, imp. 73-74 / Bazar, Musnad Bazar: umuzingo wa 4, imp. 21-22 / Nisa’i, Sunan al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 7, urup. 451 / Abi Ali: Musnad, : umuzingo wa 1, imp. 251-252 / Tabari: Tahdhib al-Athar, Musnad Ali bin Abi Talib (AS): imp. 236-240 / Hakim Nayshaburi: Al-Mustadrak Al-Sahihayin: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 398, umuzingo wa 3, urup. 6 / Ibin Shahr Ashub, Manaqib: umuzingo wa 2, imp. 136, 141 / Haskani: Shawahid Al-Tanzil: umuzingo wa 1, urup. 453 / Ibin Shahr Ashub, Manaqib: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 135 / Ibin Abi Shaybah: Al-Musnaf: umuzingo wa 13, imp. 146-147 / Ibin Hambal, Musnad : umuzingo wa 2, imp. 73-74 / Bazar: Musnad Bazar: umuzingo wa 4, imp. 21-22 / Nisa’I: Sunan al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 7, urup. 451 / Abi Ali: Musnad: umuzingo wa 1, imp. 251-252.
[9] Nisa’i: Sunan al-Kubra: umuzingo wa 7, urup. 451 / Nisa’i: Khaswaisu Amiir al-Muminin: urup. 96 / Basti: Kitab al-Muratib: urup. 124 / Ibin Shahr Ashob: Manaqib: umuzingo wa 2, imp. 135-142 / Shoushtari: Ahqaqu al-Haq : umuzingo wa 18, imp. 162-168 / Bakri: Al-Anwar: urup. 148/ Ragheb Isfahani: Mufradat Alfadh al-Qor’an: urup. 583 / Ibin Jawzi: Tadhkirat al-Khawasu: urup. 15.
[10] Ibin Shazan: Al-Fadha’il: imp. 97 / Majlisi: Bihar al-Anwar: umuzingo wa 38, urup. 85.
[11] Ibin Shazan, Al-Rawdha: urup. 31.
[12] Ibin Shahr Ashob: Manaqib: umuzingo wa 2, p. 136 / Ibin Shazan: Al-Fadha’il: uru. 85 / Ibin Shahr Ashob, Manaqib: umuzingo wa 2, p. 136.
[13] Tabarsi: Al-Ikhtijaj: umuzingo wa 1,urup. 138 / Majlisi: Bihar al-Anwar: umuzingo wa 31, imp. 334, 379 / Bahrani: Hiliyah al-Abrar: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 329.
[14] Ibin Shahr Ashub: Manaqib: umuzingo wa 2, p. 136
[15] . Ibin Shazan: Al-Fadha’il: imp. 97 / Majlisi: Bihar al-Anwar: umuzingo wa 38, urup. 85.
[16] Tabari: Tahdhib al-Athar: Musnad Ali bin Abi Talib (AS): imp. 238-240
[17] Hakim Neyshabouri: Mustadrak Ali Al-Sahihin: umuzingo wa 2, urup. 398 / Ibin Shahr Ashub: Manaqib; umuzingo wa 2, urup. 141 / Majlisi: Bihar al-Anwar: umuzingo wa 38, imp. 84-85 / Ibin Hanbal: Musnad: umuzingo wa 2, imp. 73-74: Bazar: Musnad Bazar: umuzingo wa 4, imp. 21-22 / Abi Ali, Musnad: umuzingo wa 1, p. 251.
[18] Hakim Neyshabouri: Mustadrak Al-Sahihayin: umuzingo wa 3, urup. 6.
[19] Ibin Shahr Ashob: Manaqib: umuzingo wa 2, imp. 135, 140 /Majlisi: Bihar al-Anwar: umuzingo wa 38, urup. 86.
