BISMILLAHI RAHMAANI RAHIIM
IKIBAZO:
Ese urutonde rw’imizi y’idini[usuludini] n’amashami y’idini[furu’udini] rwaba rwaraturutse kuri hadith n’imvgo z’amaimam(a.s)? niba igisubizo ari yego, izo hadith ni izihe? Niba atari ko bimeze, urwo rutonde rwakozwe ryari? Rukorwa nande?
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INSHAMAKE Y’IGISUBIZO:
Urutonde rwa usuludini na furu’udini ruzwi kandi rumenyerewe, ntabwo rwaturutse muri hadith cyangwa se imvugo z’abaimam(a.s); ahubwo rwakozwe n’abamenyi b’idini.
Igihe nyacyo ibyo byakorewe kigaruka mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya mbere Hijriya ariko ntabwo bizwi neza uwazanye iryo zina[usuludini] uwo ari we.
IGISUBIZO KU BURYO BURAMBUYE:
Umwimerere wa buri kintu cyose, ni imizi n’umusingi icyo kintu gishingiyeho, bityo umusingi n’imizi y’idini ni bya bintu idini ryubakiyeho(1).
Ijambo usuludini, turisobanuye mu gisobanuro cyaryo cyihariye[imyemere y’ingenzi](2), rikoreshwa mu bumenyi bw’ibijyanye n’imyemerere n’imyizerere, ni ya myizerere y’ingenzi muri buri dini ku buryo iyo myizerere idahari n’iryo dini tyaba ritabaho.
Amadini yose ashingiye ku kwemera Imana agira ibintu bitatu ahuriraho: “kwemera ukubaho Kw’Imana imwe, kwemera kubaho ubuziraherezo kwa buri muntu nyuma y’imperuka no guhabwa ibihembo n’ibihano hagendewe ku bikorwa bakoreye mu isi, kwemera intumwa n’abahanuzi baturutse ku Mana ngo bayobore abantu inzira y’umukiro igana Imana”.(3)
Naho imikoreshereze ijambo “usul” ku bijyanye n’iyi myemerere y’ingenzi, ni ibyo abantu bahurijeho.(4)
Kuko nta ayat cyangwa riwayat yabivuzeho ku buryo bweruye, ahubwo ni umuhate w’abamenyi b’idini bagendeye ku gaciro n’akamaro ka buri kimwe muri iyo myemerere y’ingenzi.
Uretse imyemerere itatu y’ingenzi twavuze haruguru ihuriweho n’amadini yizera Imana imwe, abamenyi b’ abashia, bongeyeho ibindi bintu bibiri by’ingenzi ari byo “Ubutabera na Imamat”.
N’ubwo bwose imamat ari ikomereza ku buhanuzi, ariko bitewe no kutavuga rumwe kwabaye mu ntangiriro z’ubuislamu, abashia bongeye imamat mu myemerere yabo y’ingenzi kuko hagendewe ku bihamya by’ubw’nge n’inyandiko, n’impanuro z’intumwa y’Imana (s), ubutumwa buramutse budakomereje muri imamat, idini yaba ituzuye maze abantu bakiroha mu buyobe.(5)
Ku rundi ruhande, kimwe mu bintu byagiwemo impaka cyane n’abaislamu mu gihe cya kera, ni “jabr wal ikhtiyaar/agahato n’amahitamo”(6)
Iyi ngingo kuva mu kinyejana cya mbere Hijriya yakomeje kugibwaho impaka kandi igira n’ingaruka ku baislamu, ibyo bituma havuka ikindi kintu kitwa “al adlu/ubutabera”.
Kuko hari ihuriro rigaragara hagai y’amahitamo n’ubutabera ndetse no kunyuranya hagati y’agahato n’ubutabera. Mu yandi magambo, iyo hariho amahitamo; inshingano, ibihembo n’ibihano bigira igisobanuro. Umuntua aramutse adafite ubwisanzure n’amahitamo imbere y’ugushaka kw’Imana; inshingano, ibihembo n’ibihano nta cyo byaba bivuze.
Iyi ngingo ntabwo yagiweho impaka cyane n’abaislamu gusa, ahubwo ni ingingo yavuzweho kandi igira ingaruka ku banu batandukanye no mu butegetsi, aho bamwe bagiye bicwa abandi bagafungwa. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa bani Umayyat bishingirije cyane jabr(Qadhwa wa Qadar/agahato) maze bica kandi bafunga abemeraga ubwisanzure n’amahitamo, bitwaje ko banyuranya n’imyemerere y’idini kugeza ubwo hamamaye imvugo igira iti”agahato no kugereranya ni ibya bani Ummayat naho ubutabera na tawhid ni ibya Alawiyuna[abashia].(7)
Muri icyo gihe cya Bani Umayyat, Ma’bad Juhaniy na Ghilaan Damash’qi bitewe n’uko bagaragazaga ukwemera kwabo ku bijyanye n’ubwisanzure n’amahitamo barishwe, bikozwe n’uwitwaga Hujaj. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa bani Abbas by’umwihariko Ma’amun na Mu’tasim bashyigikiye cyane abemeraga ubutabera, ariko bigeze ku butegetsi bwa Mutawakil ibintu bisubira irudubi, bikomeza kuba nka mbere. Kubera rero agaciro n’akamaro k’ingingo, ubutabera bugendanye na Tawhid, abashia binjije “amahitamo n’ubwisanzure=ubutabera” mu myemerere yabo y’ingenzi kugirangi iyi ngingo ijye ihora yitabwaho.
Naho ku bijyanye na “furu’u diin”:
“Furu’udini” ni ijambo rikoreshwa ribangikanye na “Usuludini” bikaba ari ibintu bijyanye n’amategeko agenga ibikorwa uri islamu.
Kubera ko ibijyanye na “usuludini” kuko bigomba gushingira kubumenyi bushimangira ikizere, ni byo by’ibanze ugereranije n’ibijyanye na “furu’udini” kuko byo bishingira ku bikorwa. Mu yandi magmbo, igihe cyose utaragira ubumenyi n’ikizere, ibikorwa nta cyo byaba bivuze. Ni yo pamvu babyisa “furu’udini/amashami y’idini” kubera ko bishingiye kuri ya myizerere y’ingenzi nk’uko byavuzwe na Feiz Kashaani ati “usuludini idini ni nk’igiti naho furu’udini akaba ari nk’imbuto z’icyo giti; agakomeza avuga ko hagati y’ibyo byombi(ubumenyi n’ibikorwa), icy’ibanze kandi cy’ingenzi ari “ubumenyi” ubumenyi ni nk’igiti naho ibikorwa byo kugandukira Imana ni nk’imbuto z’icyo giti.(8)
Umubare wa furu’udiini, hagendewe ku gaciro n’umumaro wa buri kimwe mu kugandukira Imana ni ibintu 8 cyangwa 10, naho hagendewe ku mubare w’ibitegetswe n’ibibujijwe, ukongeraho amategek y’ubucuruzi bibarirwa muri “furu’dini” ni byinshi cyane.
(1). Al Imam Aliy a.s, Urp. 586 cya Ahmad ar Rahmaaniy al Hamdaniy
(2). Amuzesh Aqaaed, Urp. 14 cya Muhammd Taqi Misbah Yazdi
(3). Bihaar al an’war, Umz. 65 cya Muhammad Baqir Majlisi
(4). Amuzesh Aqaaed, Urp.14
(5). Hadith tahqalayn(Quran wa itrat)
(6). Adl ilaahi, Urp.17 cya Murtaza Mutahari
(7). Insaan was are nevesht, Urp. 64 cya Murtaza MUutahari
(8). Ilim al yaqiin fiy usuli diini, Umz.1 Urp. 4-5 cya Mulaa Muhsin Feiz Kaashani.
